Paladio Paladio
CATEGORY

Costs

Unit prices, measurement backup and collections: where a project’s money goes and how every billed quantity is proven.

14 articles
Seventeenth-century Dutch painting of a woman in a white headcloth and an ermine-trimmed blue jacket, standing at a table and holding up a balance whose pans are still empty, with pearls, coins and gold chains spread across the blue cloth and a gilt-framed painting hanging behind her

Unit prices or lump sum: what changes and who carries which risk

The difference between unit prices and lump sum is not a matter of format: it decides who carries the quantity risk. Pros, cons and when each one fits.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Mexican painting in ochres and earth tones of a row of women in profile, dressed in white, carrying baskets brimming with flowers on their heads while holding in their arms the ones that no longer fit, against a band of blue sky with agave leaves at either edge

The site store and waste: where the material you actually bought goes

Material that is bought and never becomes finished work is a silent loss. The five causes of overconsumption and how to tell them apart in time.

by Felipe Arancibia
Oil painting in the American realist style: a couple waits motionless at the door of a white house — she standing with crossed arms, he crouched on the step — while a collie wanders through the dry grass that has overtaken the yard

Price redetermination in Argentina: how it works and why filing late loses money

Redetermination keeps a public works contract economically balanced against price variation. How the national regime works and the deadlines you must meet.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Oil painting in the style of the American night diner: three customers wait leaning on the counter of a brightly lit establishment in the middle of the night, served by a single attendant in white, seen from the empty street through the glass

Works certification in Argentina: how the certificado is built and why it gets flagged

The certificado de obra is the instrument used to bill progress on a works contract in Argentina. What it contains, what backing the inspection demands and why it bounces.

by Felipe Arancibia
Oil painting of an elderly bookkeeper leaning over his standing desk between shelves packed with files, reviewing a roll of accounts so long it spills off the lectern to the floor

Actas parciales in Colombia: what evidence they require and why they get returned

The acta parcial is the document used to bill progress on a works contract in Colombia. What it contains, what evidence the interventoría demands and why it bounces.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Coloured-pencil illustration on tan paper; a brass automaton in a hard hat holds a plumb line against a freshly laid brick wall, with a steel frame going up, a crane and the city rooftops behind

Extraordinary unit prices in Mexico: when they apply and how they get approved

An extraordinary price is set for an item not contemplated in the original schedule. When it applies in Mexican public works, how it is built up and why it gets rejected.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Japanese woodblock print in burnt orange, indigo and cream over a wave pattern; a worker in a hard hat files papers one by one into a cabinet of open drawers while a storm of loose documents and speech bubbles blows in from the other side

Payment applications in Chile: how they are put together and why they get rejected

In Chile the estado de pago is the periodic claim for progress under a construction contract. What it must contain, how it is calculated and the concrete reasons the ITO raises observations.

by Felipe Arancibia
Coloured-pencil illustration on tan paper; in a workshop with tall windows, a worker in a hard hat sits on a crate and writes in his notebook the readings of a large brass machine covered in pressure gauges, gears and levers

Quantity measurement on site: method, criteria and the errors that cost most

Cubicar means measuring and quantifying the items of a job. The method, the measurement criteria to settle before you start and the errors you pay for when you claim.

by Felipe Arancibia
Vintage editorial engraving in sepia, ochre and teal on aged paper; a photographer in a hard hat leans under the cloth of a bellows camera on a tripod to record the crack running down a concrete wall, and at his feet waits a stack of already exposed glass plates

Price adjustment in Chilean construction contracts: how it works and what to check before signing

In Chile price adjustment shields the contractor from price movement during execution. The usual mechanisms, what to check in the clause and the common calculation errors.

by Felipe Arancibia
Vintage editorial engraving in sepia, ochre and teal on aged paper; a mason in shirtsleeves lays ashlar blocks at the top of a stone wall that rises in steps, and at its foot wait a leaning ladder, a wheelbarrow loaded with stone and a board with mortar and its trowel

Cost adjustment on Mexican public works: when it applies and how it is calculated

In Mexico, cost adjustment applies when unforeseen economic circumstances alter the cost of work not yet executed. The three LOPSRM procedures and how to file.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Vintage engraving in which a surveyor measures a finished wall with a tape that runs across the plate and, on reaching the counting house at the other end, turns into columns of coins a clerk stacks on the counter

Measurement backup sheets: what they are and how to stop your claim being rejected

In Mexico the generador de obra proves how every quantity you bill was measured. What it must contain and why the supervisor sends it back.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Vintage engraving of a stone aqueduct carrying coins instead of water; midway across, a narrowed arch dams them into a heap and only a trickle reaches the far end, while a tiny engineer looks down at the blockage

Why payment runs late on construction projects and how to shorten the cycle

Late payment on a construction project rarely starts with the client. Where the chain between doing the work and getting paid actually breaks, and how to shorten it.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Japanese woodblock print of five figures in the dress of five different regions, each against its own colour and pattern, all holding up the same mason's trowel

Estimación, valorización, estado de pago, certificación: one concept, five names

Construction vocabulary changes in every country of the region. A dictionary of equivalences across Mexico, Peru, Chile, Colombia and Argentina, with the differences that are not just about the name.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
Coloured-pencil illustration of an estimator at his drafting desk: above the board, a building block floats exploded into four separated slabs

How to build a unit-price analysis step by step

A unit-price analysis breaks the price of a line item into materials, labour, equipment and overheads. How each component is built, with a full worked example.

by Carlos Pérez (Comandos)
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